Energy Storage System Communication Architecture: Analysis Of The Coordination Logic Of Iec 61850 And 104 Protocols

In the evolution of modern power networks, the internal integration and remote dispatch of energy storage sites heavily rely on standardized communication languages. IEC 61850 and IEC 60870-5-104 (referred to as the 104 protocol), as mainstream industry standards, play a core role in data model definition and long-distance transmission. Understanding the technical layers of these two standards is crucial for building high-performance energy storage power plants.

Hierarchical Representation of the IEC 61850 Data Object Model

Data exchange between the solar battery storage station control layer and the bay layer largely adopts the IEC 61850 architecture. This standard is not merely a protocol; its core logic lies in object-oriented information modeling.

Deconstruction of Logical Nodes and Logical Devices

In energy storage converters (PCS) or battery management systems (BMS), IEC 61850 virtualizes physical devices as logical devices (LDs). Each logical device consists of multiple logical nodes (LNs). This structured definition transforms complex hardware parameters into standardized datasets, enabling seamless information mapping between devices from different manufacturers.

Real-time message transmission mechanism

To meet the requirements of precision protection and rapid response within the solar batteries for home power station, MMS, GOOSE, and SV messages constitute a three-in-one transmission link. MMS handles the uploading and distribution of non-real-time monitoring data, while GOOSE handles high-speed signals such as interlocking trips between substation equipment. This mechanism reduces secondary wiring while improving the synchronization accuracy of information transmission.

104 Protocol Encapsulation Logic in Remote Dispatch Links

When the battery storage substation connects to a remote dispatch center or centralized control platform, the 104 protocol becomes the preferred choice due to its high reliability in wide area network transmission.

TCP/IP-Based ASDU Application Message Parsing

The 104 protocol encapsulates the classic 101 protocol on top of the TCP/IP protocol stack. In the solar battery for house monitoring scenario, the Application Service Data Unit (ASDU) carries core services such as telemetry, remote signaling, and remote control. Through bidirectional communication via a fixed port, the dispatching end can directly obtain the real-time state of charge (SOC) and operating power of the best batteries for solar power storage battery.

Link Initialization and Data Flow Control

After the communication connection is established, the IEC 61850 protocol activates data transmission via a StartDT frame. A message sequence number control mechanism tracks data transmission and reception status in real time, initiating reconnection immediately upon detecting packet loss or timeout. This design logic is suitable for long-distance, cross-network segment energy storage centralized control needs, maintaining the continuity of production data transmission.

Technical Analysis of Protocol Conversion Gateway

Large-scale energy storage projects often present a hybrid layout of "in-station IEC 61850, remote IEC 61850," making protocol conversion logic a technical challenge for system integration.

• Data Address Mapping: The gateway needs to map the tree-like object paths of IEC 61850 to the linear information body addresses of the IEC 61850 protocol.

• Time Stamp Synchronization Processing: The millisecond-level time stamps of IEC 61850 need to be accurately converted to the IEC 61850 protocol format to prevent timing errors during cross-protocol transmission.

• Control Command Mapping: Remote control commands from a distance (e.g., 104) need to be parsed into operational logic conforming to the 61850 standard to complete power regulation of the energy storage converter.

Design Guidelines for Improving Communication Architecture Stability

When configuring an energy storage communication system, the network topology significantly impacts protocol efficiency.

Recommendations for Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) Segmentation

Isolating traffic within the energy storage station using VLAN technology can control the spread of GOOSE broadcast storms. Assigning monitoring and protection traffic different priorities prioritizes the passage of real-time control messages.

Deployment of Link Redundancy Mechanisms

Using PRP (Parallel Redundancy Protocol) or HSR (Seamless Redundancy Ring) technology can achieve zero-switching time in the event of physical link failures, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of energy storage frequency regulation and peak shaving services.